Other possible reductants include cyanuric acid and ammonium sulfate. SCR catalysts are made from various porous ceramic materials used as a support , such as titanium oxide , and active catalytic components are usually either oxides of base metals such as vanadium , molybdenum and tungsten , zeolites , or various precious metals.

Another catalyst based on activated carbon was also developed which is applicable for the removal of NOx at low temperatures. Base metal catalysts, such as vanadium and tungsten, lack high thermal durability, but are less expensive and operate very well at the temperature ranges most commonly applied in industrial and utility boiler applications.

Thermal durability is particularly important for automotive SCR applications that incorporate the use of a diesel particulate filter with forced regeneration. They also have a high catalysing potential to oxidize SO 2 into SO 3 , which can be extremely damaging due to its acidic properties.

Zeolite catalysts have the potential to operate at substantially higher temperature than base metal catalysts; they can withstand prolonged operation at temperatures of K °C and transient conditions of up to K °C.

Zeolites also have a lower potential for SO 2 oxidation and thus decrease the related corrosion risks. The honeycomb form usually consists of an extruded ceramic applied homogeneously throughout the carrier or coated on the substrate.

Like the various types of catalysts, their configuration also has advantages and disadvantages. Plate-type catalysts have lower pressure drops and are less susceptible to plugging and fouling than the honeycomb types, but are much larger and more expensive. Honeycomb configurations are smaller than plate types, but have higher pressure drops and plug much more easily.

Several nitrogen-bearing reductants are currently used in SCR applications including anhydrous ammonia , aqueous ammonia or dissolved urea. All those three reductants are widely available in large quantities. Anhydrous ammonia can be stored as a liquid at approximately 10 bar in steel tanks.

It is classified as an inhalation hazard , but it can be safely stored and handled if well-developed codes and standards are followed. Its advantage is that it needs no further conversion to operate within a SCR and is typically favoured by large industrial SCR operators.

Aqueous ammonia must be first vaporized in order to be used, but it is substantially safer to store and transport than anhydrous ammonia. Urea is the safest to store, but requires conversion to ammonia through thermal decomposition.

Most catalysts are given a finite service life due to known amounts of contaminants in the untreated gas. The most notable complication is the formation of ammonium sulfate and ammonium bisulfate from sulfur and sulfur compounds when high-sulfur fuels are used, as well as the undesirable catalyst-induced oxidation of SO 2 to SO 3 and H 2 SO 4.

In applications that use exhaust gas boilers, ammonium sulfate and ammonium bisulfate can accumulate on the boiler tubes, reducing steam output and increasing exhaust back-pressure.

In marine applications, this can increase fresh water requirements as the boiler must be continuously washed to remove the deposits. Most catalysts on the market have porous structures and a geometries optimized for increasing their specific surface area a clay planting pot is a good example of what SCR catalyst feels like.

This porosity is what gives the catalyst the high surface area needed for reduction of NOx. However, soot, ammonium sulfate, ammonium bisulfate, silica compounds, and other fine particulates can easily clog the pores. Ultrasonic horns and soot blowers can remove most of these contaminants while the unit is online.

The unit can also be cleaned by being washed with water or by raising the exhaust temperature. Of more concern to SCR performance are poisons , which will chemically degrade the catalyst itself or block the catalyst's active sites and render it ineffective at NO x reduction, and in severe cases this can result in the ammonia or urea being oxidized and a subsequent increase in NO x emissions.

These poisons are alkali metals , alkaline earth metals , halogens , phosphorus , sulfur , arsenic , antimony , chromium , heavy metals copper , cadmium , mercury , thallium , and lead , and many heavy metal compounds e. oxides and halides. Most SCRs require tuning to properly perform.

Part of tuning involves ensuring a proper distribution of ammonia in the gas stream and uniform gas velocity through the catalyst. Without tuning, SCRs can exhibit inefficient NOx reduction along with excessive ammonia slip due to not utilizing the catalyst surface area effectively.

Another facet of tuning involves determining the proper ammonia flow for all process conditions. Ammonia flow is in general controlled based on NOx measurements taken from the gas stream or preexisting performance curves from an engine manufacturer in the case of gas turbines and reciprocating engines.

Typically, all future operating conditions must be known beforehand to properly design and tune an SCR system. Ammonia slip is an industry term for ammonia passing through the SCR unreacted. This occurs when ammonia is injected in excess, temperatures are too low for ammonia to react, or the catalyst has been poisoned.

In applications using both SCR and an alkaline scrubber, the use of high-sulfur fuels also tend to significantly increase ammonia slip, since compounds such as NaOH and Ca OH 2 will reduce ammonium sulfate and ammonium bisulfate back into ammonia:. Temperature is SCR's largest limitation.

Engines all have a period during start-up where exhaust temperatures are too low, and the catalyst must be pre-heated for the desired NOx reduction to occur when an engine is first started, especially in cold climates.

In power stations , the same basic technology is employed for removal of NO x from the flue gas of boilers used in power generation and industry.

In general, the SCR unit is located between the furnace economizer and the air heater, and the ammonia is injected into the catalyst chamber through an ammonia injection grid. As in other SCR applications, the temperature of operation is critical.

Ammonia slip unreacted ammonia is also an issue with SCR technology used in power plants. A significant operational difficulty in coal -fired boilers is the binding of the catalyst by fly ash from the fuel combustion.

This requires the usage of sootblowers , ultrasonic horns, and careful design of the ductwork and catalyst materials to avoid plugging by the fly ash. SCR catalysts have a typical operational lifetime of about 16, — 40, hours 1. Poisons , sulfur compounds , and fly ash can all be removed by installing scrubbers before the SCR system to increase the life of the catalyst , though in most power plants and marine engines, scrubbers are installed after the system to maximize the SCR system's effectiveness.

SCR was applied to trucks by Nissan Diesel Corporation , and the first practical product " Nissan Diesel Quon " was introduced in in Japan. In , the United States Environmental Protection Agency EPA enacted requirements to significantly reduce harmful exhaust emissions.

To achieve this standard, Cummins and other diesel engine manufacturers developed an aftertreatment system that includes the use of a diesel particulate filter DPF. As the DPF does not function with low-sulfur diesel fuel, diesel engines that conform to EPA emissions standards require ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel ULSD to prevent damage to the DPF.

Having an SCR that includes extra information can be of particular benefit to patients with detailed and complex health problems. If you are a carer for someone and believe that this may benefit them, you could discuss it with them and their GP practice.

Only authorised care professional staff in England who are involved in your direct care can have access to your SCR. Your SCR will not be used for any other purposes. Care professionals will ask for your permission if they need to look at your SCR.

If they cannot ask you because you are unconscious or otherwise unable to communicate, they may decide to look at your record because doing so is in your best interest. This access is recorded and checked to ensure that it is appropriate. If you are the parent or guardian of a child under 16, and feel they are able to understand this information you should show it to them.

You can then support them to come to a decision about having an SCR and whether to include additional information. For information on how the NHS will collect, store and allow access to your electronic records visit NHS Choices. The Soho Square Surgery 30 Soho Square Soho London W1D 3QS.

Your Summary Care Record Care professionals in England use an electronic record called the Summary Care Record SCR.

What is a SCR? It includes the following basic information: Medicines you are taking Allergies you suffer from Any bad reactions to medicines. What choices do you have?

The temporary changes made to GP Connect and Summary Care Record Additional Information in response to the COVID pandemic will continue beyond the end of the Control of Patient Information COPI Notice.

Summary Care Records with Additional Information — user research report. Findings from a research project investigating the usefulness of Additional Information in Summary Care Records. Summary Care Record in community pharmacy. NHS Digital is working to make sure all community pharmacies can view Summary Care Records SCR.

Discover the benefits of SCR and how to view them. Information governance for Summary Care Records SCR. Information governance for Summary Care Records SCR is about making sure patient information is secure and only accessed appropriately.

Summary Care Records SCR - information for patients. Your Summary Care Record is a short summary of your GP medical records. It tells other health and care staff who care for you about the medicines you take and your allergies.

Additional Information in SCR. Guidance for GP practices to use SCR to make more information available across care settings. View Summary Care Records SCR. Find out about viewing Summary Care Records SCR , including ways to connect to SCR on the Spine and how to set up your healthcare organisation to view SCRs.

Recording medicines prescribed elsewhere into the GP practice record. The Summary Care Record SCR is an electronic record of important patient information created from GP medical records. Summary Care Record SCR : GDPR information.

Why and how we process your data in the Summary Care Record system, and your rights. Summary Care Record - FHIR API.

Access a patient's Summary Care Record SCR , an electronic record of important patient information, using our FHIR API. Summary Care Record - HL7 V3 API. Access a patient's Summary Care Record SCR using our HL7 V3 API. Also previously known as PSIS query and GP summary. Last edited: 7 February pm.

Skip to main content. Internet explorer is no longer supported We have detected that you are using Internet Explorer to visit this website. NHS Digital Services Summary Care Record SCR. Summary Care Record Summary Care Record SCR is a national database that holds electronic records of important patient information such as current medication, allergies and details of any previous bad reactions to medicines, created from GP medical records.

Page contents Top of page About this service Benefits Who this service is for What information is available National usage policy How this service works Examples of use Status, service level and current usage How to access this service Contact us Related services Further information.

Summary Care Record application SCRa retired We retired the SCRa on 31 October for the majority of users. National data sharing and Summary Care Record Additional Information The temporary changes made to Summary Care Record Additional Information in response to the COVID pandemic will continue beyond the end of the Control of Patient Information COPI Notice.

About this service. Health or social care. Summary Care Record. get record. National Care Records Service. Local point-of-care application. GP Practice. GP software. create or update record. Summary Care Record SCR is a national database that holds electronic records of important patient information such as current medication, allergies and details of any previous bad reactions to medicines It is created from GP medical records - whenever a GP record is updated, the changes are synchronised to SCR.

Benefits Benefits of SCR include: makes care safer reduces the risk of prescribing errors helps avoid delays to urgent care For more information about the benefits and uses of SCR, visit Benefits and uses of Summary Care Records in community pharmacy - NHS Digital. SCR does not have a user interface - users must access it indirectly via user-facing applications, namely: local point-of-care applications for health and care workers, such as a Patient Administration System PAS in a hospital the National Care Records Service Who is included The original scope of SCR was to provide access to key information in urgent and emergency care settings.

What information is available SCR holds information for anyone who was born in England, or who has registered for NHS care in England. Who is included SCR holds information for: anyone born in England anyone else who has registered for NHS care in England What information is held for each patient At a minimum, the SCR contains important information about: current medication allergies and details of any previous reactions to medicines the name, address, date of birth and NHS number of the patient In addition, details of long-term conditions, significant medical history, or specific communications needs, is now included by default for patients with an SCR, unless they have previously told the NHS that they did not want this information to be shared.

National usage policy An SCR should only be viewed if the health or social care worker is involved in the patient's care. How this service works For patients 1. GP information on creating SCRs and including additional information 1. It is then updated automatically. Viewing SCRs 1. To learn about viewing an SCR, see View Summary Care Records SCR To learn about the benefits of using SCR in community pharmacies, see Summary Care Record in community pharmacies.

Security and the SCR 1. You can access up-to-date information on usage in the NHS Digital dashboards. The National Care Records Service NCRS is the new and improved successor to the Summary Care Record Application SCRa.

It provides access to an ever-increasing number of national NHS digital service, in different health and care settings. Home News Publications Statistics Blogs Events Contact us. Date published : 19 April, Date last updated : 29 February, Digital , General practice. Download as a PDF. The SCR can be viewed in: general practice clinical systems SystemOne, EMIS Web and Vision the summary care record application on the Spine portal through the summary care record application SCRa which is a web-based application What the SCR includes There are two types of summary care record: core SCR SCR additional information SCRai, also called enriched SCR SCR content is limited to information held in GP systems and contains basic information about allergies and medications and any reactions a patient may have had to medication in the past.

The table below shows what information may be included in each version. What the SCR includes There are two types of summary care record: core SCR SCR additional information SCRai, also called enriched SCR SCR content is limited to information held in GP systems and contains basic information about allergies and medications and any reactions a patient may have had to medication in the past.

Levels of detail The level of detail in an SCR depends on how information is collated and coded by the registered practice.

Data recording varies according to: the clinical system in use local data quality the recording practices preferences patient preferences Additional information will, therefore, vary from one record to another but will follow a broadly consistent format.

Recording medicines prescribed outside general practice Not all medications are prescribed within a general practice. SCR can be accessed in a wide range of settings, subject to access controls : acute trusts both unscheduled and scheduled care GP practices GP out of hours services NHS walk-in centres urgent treatment centres minor injury units mental health community pharmacy custody suites prisons hospices community care district nursing ambulance services drug and alcohol service smoking cessation clinics private healthcare social services child protection The following settings and use cases are currently not in scope for SCR viewing and will not be approved for rollout: research purposes, including clinical trials police and other government departments non-clinical cosmetic service providers Two exceptions were granted under an urgent public health need for COVID clinical trials.

The following can be checked, with hour access: allergies to prevent prescribing errors current medications prescribed for emergency supply purposes eligibility for services such as a free flu jab, COVID vaccination etc. Patient choice Opting in and opting out It is good practice to provide all patients with information about the benefits of opting in, and risks of opting out of the SCR, so that they can make informed choices, especially when registering with a GP practice see important points to note below.

Patients on the frailty register Identifying frailty in patients can help predict who is likely to have a fall, become dependent on other people to help with basic care tasks, experience an unplanned admission to hospital or a care home, or die within the next year.

Permission to view Permission to view can be gained each time there is a need, or it may cover future use, if the question asked makes this clear to the patient and there is a clear system for recording this.

Risks of opting out of SCR The risks of opting out of SCR include: medication and prescribing errors potential delays in providing emergency care NOTE Where a patient has opted out of SCR, there may be occasions when a practice needs to contact an individual to suggest they consider opting back in.

Important points to note The following are key things for practices to be aware of: Check the date the SCR was last updated. It may not be current. If this is the case, when the patient attends an appointment, their SCR will be updated.

This is important particularly, but not exclusively, for those patients who are, for whatever reason, classed as vulnerable. If a patient has recently changed GP, the SCR may not be created or fully updated. Checks should always be made to ensure the patient consents to an SCR by using the patient consent preference form.

Consent is enduring, so the SCR is kept up to date in real time as the GP record is updated. It is good practice for new patient registrations to be screened and any important information such as current medication, ongoing problems, carers details etc to be updated at that initial consultation.

A screen message may inform that certain entries sensitive information have been deliberately withheld from the summary. Practices should record medicines prescribed elsewhere into the GP practice record to ensure records are accurate and up to date.

If there is a break in the GP record, for example because a patient moved away from England or joined the armed forces, the record must be reviewed and updated on their return.

On average, there are , SCR views per week across the different clinical systems. Patients can opt not to share their SCR. They can opt in and opt out at any time by using the patient consent preference form.

What is a Single Central Record? A Single Central Record SCR , a vital document that ensures the safety of both students and staff. Our guide explores what a Single Central Record is, why it is essential for educational institutions, and how an automated solution like OnlineSCR can streamline this crucial process.

Why choose Single Central Record? Single Central Record has been carefully designed to have a superior, user-friendly interface which can order checks, automatically upload results and save time managing your single central record.

Here are just a few of our key features:. Import your current single central record into our bespoke online portal. Our system clearly displays all records for every staff member to highlight areas that need addressing. Built in reminder system to keep you up to date with your records.

Flags up all required or expiring checks whilst providing updates on those in progress. Easily order all your DBS and additional checks for all staff members with just a few clicks.

The check results are automatically populated back into the portal once completed. Our system covers all staff and school types. Effortlessly export your data in either Ofsted or ISI format. Free telephone and remote support from our education experts to provide guidance and assistance whenever you need it.

DBS Eligibility Checker Not sure if a role in your educational establishment requires a DBS check? Our experts have developed a handy DBS Eligibility Checker that will tell you in seconds! Access the Eligiblity Checker. Ready to get started? Request a demo. Frequently Asked Questions.

How do I transfer my existing MS Excel-based Single Central Record?